Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
What is CMV?
CMV is a common virus belonging to the herpesvirus family. Often people will not realise they have CMV, or have very mild, cold-like symptoms. It can infect people of all ages and is typically spread through close contact with body fluids, such as saliva, urine, blood, and breast milk.
The most common sources of CMV are young children because they are more likely to shed high levels of virus in their saliva, urine or nasal secretions for long periods.
Risks to Pregnant people:
Pregnant people, especially those who have not been previously exposed to CMV, may be at an increased risk of complications if they contract the virus during pregnancy. CMV can be transmitted from the mother to the baby, leading to congenital CMV infection. While most babies born with CMV are healthy, some may develop complications, including hearing or vision loss, intellectual disability, and developmental delays. There is currently no vaccination available against CMV.
Recommended hygiene measures to prevent contracting CMV
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Do not share food, drinks, or utensils used by young children (less than 3 years of age)
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Do not put a child's dummy in your mouth
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Avoid contact with saliva when kissing a child
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Attentions to hand hygiene, when changing nappies or when in contact with urine. Thoroughly wash hands with soap and water for 15-20 seconds, especially after changing nappies, feeding a young child, or wiping a young child's nose or saliva
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Clean toys, countertops and other surfaces that come into contact with children's urine or saliva
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Do not share a toothbrush with a young child
Early detection and management in pregnancy can help ensure the best possible outcomes for both the parent and the baby. Look out for any signs or symptoms of CMV infection, such as fever, fatigue, and swollen glands. While there is a potential risk, taking proactive steps to minimise exposure and seeking timely medical advice can contribute to a healthier conception journey.
Links to more information
The Children’s Hospital Westmead CMV factsheet
CDC Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection
Congenital CMV Association Australia
NHMRC Staying Healthy: Preventing infectious diseases in early childhood education and care services (5th Edition) 2013 https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/ch55 .